Pedagogy 21 Century from Perspective Information and Communication Technology (ICT): The Application in Learning

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has provided great benefits in many fields including education. Lifestyle changes and the need to make the teaching and learning process more interesting and effective have driven the application of ICT in teaching. This paper aims to explain the influence of teacher knowledge and the process of implementing ICT in teaching. This process of implementing ICT requires teachers to be constantly aware and competitive with the changes that occur in teaching and learning. The impact of this paper is the change in teachers 'attitudes towards the need for ICT applications in teaching and teachers' thinking to cope with ever-changing technology. 

Legal Pluralism in the Context of the Distribution of Women's Inheritance: Constellation of State Law, Islamic Law and Customary Law

This paper is a legal pluralism research on the partition of women's inheritance, which investigates the reality that not all existing and applicable legal laws are followed as law. In the distribution of women's inheritance, it is clearly regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law regarding the share of each heir and the presence of a judicial institution to resolve disputes with material law that can be accessed by the community; however, it is not always utilized as a downstream dispute resolution involving inheritance. The emergence of customary law in the middle of diverse sources of law cannot be ignored as having its own place within society, which is frequently used to address normatively controlled legal issues. The results of this study reveal that the settlement of inheritance is not always handled by trial (litigation), particularly for indigenous peoples in Padangsidimpuan City, the author's research area. In order to minimize conflict, it is desirable that inheritance issues be decided by consensus amongst families, with regulations that are ambiguous but geared toward the common interest. This research is anticipated to be an academic study among legal practitioners and academics on how, despite the fact that the law has restricted the inheritance share of each successor, the society strives to avoid litigation and settle disputes amicably. This research can be pursued by examining whether or not other indigenous groups handle inheritance disputes in the same manner.This paper is a legal pluralism research on the partition of women's inheritance, which investigates the reality that not all existing and applicable legal laws are followed as law. In the distribution of women's inheritance, it is clearly regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law regarding the share of each heir and the presence of a judicial institution to resolve disputes with material law that can be accessed by the community; however, it is not always utilized as a downstream dispute resolution involving inheritance. The emergence of customary law in the middle of diverse sources of law cannot be ignored as having its own place within society, which is frequently used to address normatively controlled legal issues. The results of this study reveal that the settlement of inheritance is not always handled by trial (litigation), particularly for indigenous peoples in Padangsidimpuan City, the author's research area. In order to minimize conflict, it is desirable that inheritance issues be decided by consensus amongst families, with regulations that are ambiguous but geared toward the common interest. This research is anticipated to be an academic study among legal practitioners and academics on how, despite the fact that the law has restricted the inheritance share of each successor, the society strives to avoid litigation and settle disputes amicably. This research can be pursued by examining whether or not other indigenous groups handle inheritance disputes in the same manner

Legal Pluralism In The Context Of The Distribution Of Women's Inheritance: Constellation Of State, Islamic And Customary Laws

This paper is a legal pluralism research on the partition of women's inheritance. It investigates the reality that not all existing and applicable legal laws are being followed. Furthermore, the distribution of women's inheritance is regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law regarding the share of an heir. There is also a judicial institution that resolves disputes with material law and is accessible to the community. However, it is not always used as a downstream dispute resolution that involves inheritance. The emergence of customary law amongst other diverse sources cannot be ignored as having its place within society, which is frequently used to address normatively controlled legal issues. The results of this study showed the settlement of inheritance is not always handled by trial or litigation, particularly for indigenous peoples in Padangsidimpuan City. Hence, to minimize conflict, it is better to decide inheritance issues by consensus amongst families, with regulations that are ambiguous but geared toward the common interest. This paper is expected to be a study among legal practitioners and academics, even though law has restricted the inheritance share of each heir, and society strives to avoid litigation and settle disputes amicably. Therefore, his study can be pursued by examining whether other indigenous groups handle inheritance disputes in the same manner

Lima tahap penguasaan ilmu nahu dalam kalangan guru-guru Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM)

Keputusan peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) daripada tahun 2009 hingga 2015 menunjukkan bahawa peratus pelajar yang tidak layak menerima sijil STAM tidak pernah kurang daripada 32%. Manakala dapatan kajian terdahulu berkaitan dengan mata pelajaran dalam bidang bahasa Arab STAM pula menunjukkan bahawa tahap penguasaan pelajar berada pada tahap lemah.Penguasaan bahasa Arab dalam kalangan guru merupakan antara faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian pelajar. Penguasaan bahasa Arab bermaksud keupayaan menguasai komponen yang membentuk bahasa tersebut.Antara komponen yang membentuk bahasa Arab adalah peraturan bahasa. Peraturan bahasa pula dibahaskan dalam ilmu Nahu. Kajian ini merupakan kajian rintis yang bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penguasaan ilmu Nahu dalam kalangan guru-guru STAM.Di samping itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis instrumen yang digunakan dan menilai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan item instrumen kajian. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 26 orang responden daripada Sekolah Menengah Agama Negeri (SMAN), Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan (SABK) dan Sekolah Menengah Agama Rakyat (SMAR) di negeri Perak.Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah soal selidik dan satu set ujian tahap penguasaan ilmu Nahu. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap penguasaan ilmu Nahu dalam kalangan guru-guru STAM hanyalah berada pada tahap memuaskan.Manakala indeks kesukaran dan indeks diskriminasi item yang diperolehi melalui analisis item ujian pula telah menunjukkan bahawa semua item dapat digunakan dalam kajian sebenar. Kesahan set ujian tahap penguasaan ilmu Nahu diperolehi daripada dua orang pakar penilai melalui kesahan muka dan kesahan kandungan.Kebolehpercayaan item ujian yang diukur menggunakan formula Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) pula telah memperoleh nilai 0.894.Nilai ini menunjukkan kebolehpercayaan item dan ketekalan dalaman set ujian adalah tinggi dan sesuai untuk digunakan dalam kajian sebenar. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa wujud keperluan untuk meningkatkan lagi tahap penguasaan ilmu Nahu dalam kalangan guru-guru STAM dan juga keperluan melaksanakan kajian yang melibatkan responden yang lebih ramai